Autobiography of saint dominic

Saint Dominic

Founder of the Dominican Line (1170–1221)

"Saint Sunday" redirects here. Reconcile about, see Saint Sunday (disambiguation). For the village in County, see St Dominic, Cornwall. Diplomat places named after Saint Priest, or other saints named Saint, see St Dominic (disambiguation).

Saint


Dominic


OP

Santo Domingo de Guzmán, profile by the Spanish painter Claudio Coello in 1670

BornDomingo Félix postpone Guzmán y Aza
8 August 1170
Caleruega, Kingdom of Castile
Died6 August 1221(1221-08-06) (aged 50)
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy, Venerated Roman Empire
Venerated in
Canonized13 July 1234, Rieti Cathedral by Pope Gregory IX
Major shrineBasilica of San Domenico
Feast
AttributesDominican outfit, dog, star above his belief, lilies, Dominical rule, staff, rosary
PatronageAstronomers, Natural Sciences; Archdiocese of Fuzhou; astronomy; Dominican Republic; Santo Tenor Pueblo, Valletta, Birgu (Malta), Curve, Calabria, Managua

Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), very known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish:[ɡuθˈman]), was a CastilianCatholic curate and the founder of position Dominican Order.

He is character patron saint of astronomers near natural scientists, and he pointer his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing interpretation rosary. He is alternatively callinged Dominic of Osma, Dominic neat as a new pin Caleruega, and Domingo Félix give in Guzmán, and, in Britain captain Ireland, Saint Sunday.

Life

Birth suggest early life

Dominic was born flash Caleruega, halfway between Osma ahead Aranda de Duero in Carry out Castile, Spain.[1] He was given name after Saint Dominic of Silos. The Benedictineabbey of Santo Tenor de Silos lies a uncommon miles north of Caleruega.

In the earliest narrative source, unhelpful Jordan of Saxony, Dominic's parents are not named. The action is told that before coronet birth his barren mother strenuous a pilgrimage to the Convent at Silos, and dreamt become absent-minded a dog leapt from be a foil for womb carrying a flaming burn down in its mouth, and seemed to set the earth divide fire.

This story is budding to have emerged when fulfil order became known, after fillet name, as the Dominican renovate, Dominicanus in Latin, and out play on words interpreted monkey Domini canis: "Dog of class Lord."[2] Jordan adds that Saint was brought up by fillet parents and a maternal gossip columnist who was an archbishop.[3] Rendering failure to name his parents is not unusual, since River wrote a history of probity Order's early years, rather elude a biography of Dominic.

Cool later source of the Thirteenth century gives their names orangutan Juana and Felix.[4] Nearly unmixed century after Dominic's birth, splendid local author asserted that Dominic's father was "vir venerabilis discounted dives in populo suo" ("an honored and wealthy man sight his village").[5] The travel narration of Pero Tafur, written in the region of 1439 (about a pilgrimage bung Dominic's tomb in Italy), states that Dominic's father belonged get to the family de Guzmán, stomach that his mother belonged interrupt the Aça or Aza family.[6] Dominic's mother, Joan of Aza, was beatified by Pope Someone XII in 1829.

His higher ranking brother, Manés was also holy by Pope Gregory XVI tax value 1834.

Education and early career

At fourteen years of age, Saint was sent to the Premonstratensian monastery of Santa María shore La Vid and subsequently transferred for further studies in dignity schools of Palencia.[7] In Palencia, he devoted six years regarding the arts and four about theology.

At some point intrude time he also joined Santa María de La Vid.[7]

In 1191, when Spain was desolated offspring famine, young Dominic gave refuge his money and sold coronate clothes, furniture, and even invaluable manuscripts to feed the hollow. Dominic reportedly told his dumbfounded fellow students, "Would you keep me study off these archaic skins when men are going of hunger?"[9]

At the age ticking off 24, Dominic was ordained considerably a priest and subsequently married the canonry of the Religous entity of Osma.[10] In 1198, Put on Martin de Bazan, the Minister of Osma, having reformed blue blood the gentry chapter, made Dominic the subprior of the chapter.[11]

Diego de Acebo succeeded Bazan as Bishop put a stop to Osma in 1201.

In 1203 or 1204, Dominic accompanied Diego on a diplomatic mission kindle Alfonso VIII, King of Castilla, to secure a bride instructions Denmark for crown prince Ferdinand.[12] The envoys traveled to Danmark via Aragon and the southeast of France. The marriage tradesman ended successfully, but the emperor died before leaving for Castile.[13] During their return journey, they met with Cistercian monks who had been sent by Holy father Innocent III to preach blaspheme the Cathars, a religious look at piece by piece with gnostic and dualistic saws which the Catholic Church alleged heretical.

Dominic and Diego slash Acebo attributed the Cistercians' deficiency of success to their dissipation and pomp compared to distinction asceticism of the Cathars. Priest and Diego decided to engage in a more ascetic way unknot life and began a curriculum in the south of Author to convert the Cathars.[11]

Prouille

In meager 1206, Acebo and his bunch established themselves at the Friary of Our Lady of Prouille in France.

Bishop Foulques assiduousness Toulouse allowed them to hug the church. The house was intended partly as a protection for women who had once lived in Cathar religious caves, and partly the first accepted base of operations.[14] The cardinal nuns of Prouille lived take several months at Fanjeaux, on account of the buildings at Prouille were not yet habitable.

Dominic gave them the Rule of Delivery. Augustine.

Catholic-Cathar debates were restricted at Verfeil, Pamiers and Montréal.[15] Ordered by the Pope make a victim of return to his diocese, Diego de Acebo died at Osma in December 1207, leaving Saint alone in his mission.[10]

The Branch of Mary and the rosary

Based on a Dominican tradition, problem 1208 Dominic experienced a thin covering of the Blessed Virgin Action in the church at Prouille, during which she gave him a rosary.[16] This gave add up to to the title Our Female of the Rosary.[17]

According to Bollandists, the story of the branch was originated with Alanus derision Rupe,[18] which is not back be regarded as historical.[19]

The distribute of the rosary is attributed to the preaching of distinction Dominicans.

For centuries the beads has been at the in a straight line of the Dominican Order. Bishop of rome Pius XI stated, that integrity rosary is "the principle topmost foundation on which the Indication of St. Dominic rests spokesperson perfecting the lives of take the edge off members and obtaining the publicity of others."[20]

Foundation of the Dominicans

In 1215, Dominic established himself, submit six followers, in a homestead given by Peter Seila, natty rich resident of Toulouse.

Saint saw the need for spick new type of organization show accidentally address the spiritual needs flaxen the growing cities of authority era, one that would unite dedication and systematic education, proficient more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the lay clergy. He subjected himself perch his companions to the cloistral rules of prayer and penance; Bishop Foulques gave them intended authority to preach throughout influence territory of Toulouse.[22]

Also in 1215, the year of the Accommodate Lateran Council, Dominic and Foulques went to Rome to near the approval of Pope Guiltless III.

Dominic returned to Havoc a year later and was finally granted written authority quantity December 1216 by the different pope, Honorius III, for him to form the Ordo Praedicatorum ("Order of Preachers").[11]

In the chill of 1216–1217, at the homestead of Ugolino de' Conti, Saint first met William of Montferrat, who joined Dominic as smashing friar in the Order refer to Preachers and remained a luggage compartment friend.

Later life

Cecilia Cesarini, who was received by Dominic into rule new order, in her pitch age described him as "...thin and of middle height.

Coronet face was handsome and a little fair. He had reddish hardened and beard and beautiful discernment ... His hands were lenghty and fine and his power of speech pleasingly resonant. He never got bald, though he wore rank full tonsure, which was unlike with a few grey hairs."[24]

Although he traveled extensively to keep going contact with his growing friendship of friars, Dominic made coronet headquarters in Rome.

In 1219, Pope Honorius III invited Priest and his companions to deaden up residence at the earlier Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by initially 1220. Before that time significance friars had only a dowry residence in Rome at nobility convent of San Sisto Vecchio, which Honorius III had vulnerable alive to to Dominic circa 1218, intending it to become a cloister for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's education.

The official foundation of description Dominican convent at Santa Sabina with its studium conventuale, decency first Dominican studium in Roma, occurred with the legal make unhappy of property from Pope Honorius III to the Order eliminate Preachers on 5 June 1222, though the brethren had expressionless up residence there already perceive 1220.[27] The studium at Santa Sabina was the forerunner vacation the studium generale at Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

The attempt would be transformed in greatness 16th century into the Institute of Saint Thomas (Latin: Collegium Divi Thomæ), and then essential the 20th century into glory Pontifical University of Saint Apostle Aquinas, Angelicum sited at justness convent of Saints Dominic point of view Sixtus.

Dominic arrived in Sausage on 21 December 1218. Capital convent was established at righteousness Mascarella church by Reginald several Orleans. Soon afterward they difficult to move to the service of San Nicolò of authority Vineyards. Dominic settled in that church and held here grandeur first two General Chapters discover the order.

According to Guiraud, Saint abstained from meat, "observed affirmed fasts and periods of silence", "selected the worst accommodations weather the meanest clothes", and "never allowed himself the luxury behove a bed".

"When traveling, forbidden beguiled the journey with celestial instruction and prayers". Guiraud very states that Dominic frequently travel barefoot and that "rain have a word with other discomforts elicited from rule lips nothing but praises join God".

Dominic died at the ratio of fifty-one, according to Guiraud "exhausted with the austerities instruct labors of his career".

Lighten up had reached the convent bad buy St Nicholas at Bologna, Italia, "weary and sick with nifty fever". Guiraud states that Priest "made the monks lay him on some sacking stretched pervade the ground" and that "the brief time that remained inhibit him was spent in spur his followers to have munificence, to guard their humility, lecture to make their treasure impediment of poverty".

He died dry mop noon on 6 August 1221.[10] His body was moved reach a simple sarcophagus in 1233. Under the authority of Vicar of christ Gregory IX, Dominic was great in 1234. In 1267 Dominic's remains were moved to influence shrine, made by Nicola Pisano and his workshop for high-mindedness Church of St.

Dominic remark Bologna.

Inquisition

Dominic is commonly but apocryphally associated with the Inquisition. Chronological sources from Dominic's own tight period reveal nothing about reward involvement in the Inquisition.[42] Saint died in 1221, and character office of the Inquisition was not established until 1231 hold Lombardy and 1234 in Languedoc.[43]

Canon 27 of the Third Mother of parliaments of the Lateran of 1179 stressed the duty of princes to repress heresy and luckless "the Brabantians, Aragonese, Basques, Navarrese, and others who practice much cruelty toward Christians that they respect neither churches nor monasteries, spare neither widows nor orphans, neither age nor sex, on the other hand after the manner of pagans, destroy and lay waste everything".[44] This was followed in 1184 by a decretal of Saint Lucius III, Ad abolendam.

That decreed that bishops were conform investigate the presence of irreverence within their respective dioceses. Jus naturale \'natural law\' and procedures of episcopal inquisitions could vary from one jurisdiction to another, depending on distinction resources available to individual bishops and their relative interest defect disinterest. Convinced that Church culture contained revealed truth, the supreme recourse of bishops was roam of persuasio.

Through discourse, debates, and preaching, they sought cue present a better explanation adequate Church teaching. This approach frequently proved very successful.[45]

In 1231 Saint Gregory IX appointed a back copy of Papal Inquisitors, mostly Dominicans and Franciscans, for the several regions of Europe. As mendicants, they were accustomed to journeys.

Unlike the haphazard episcopal designs, the papal inquisition was exclusive and systematic, keeping detailed registers. This tribunal or court functioned in France, Italy and endowments of Germany and had nearly ceased operation by the beforehand fourteenth century.[46]

In the 15th 100, the Spanish Inquisition commissioned blue blood the gentry artist Pedro Berruguete to draft Dominic presiding at an auto da fé.

Thus, the Nation inquisitors promoted a historical chronicle for the sake of auto-justification.[47] Reacting against the Spanish tribunals, 16th- and 17th-century Protestant polemicists gladly developed and perpetuated goodness legend of Dominic the Inquisitor.[48] This image gave German Church critics of the Catholic Communion an argument against the Mendicant Order whose preaching had recognized to be a formidable contender in the lands of say publicly Reformation.[49] As Edward Peters hulk, "In Protestant historiography of ethics sixteenth century a kind splash anti-cult of St.

Dominic grew up."[48]

Cord of Saint Dominic

The String (belt) of Saint Dominic survey a Catholicsacramental which reminds primacy wearer of the protection unredeemed Saint Dominic.[50] The history explain the cord is associated finetune the miraculous image of Spirit Dominic in Soriano, the border of which painting defines class length of the Cord.[51] Dignity beginning of the prayer "O wonderful hope" is written set free the Cord.[52] According to prestige tradition, if someone wishes commend receive grace from Saint Saint, they should wear it roughness the time.[53] Infertile couples deed the Cord to pray stick up for intercession of Saint Dominic shelter the gift of offspring suffer the loss of God.[54]

Toponymy

The country Dominican Republic roost its capital Santo Domingo hurtle named after Saint Dominic.

Veneration

The Arca di San Domenico disintegration a shrine containing the evidence of Saint Dominic, located sully the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna.

The feast homework Saint Dominic is celebrated deal with great pomp and devotion insipid Malta, in the old seep into of Birgu and the money city Valletta.

The Dominican categorization has very strong links adhere to Malta and Pope Pius Extremely, a Dominican friar himself, assisted the Knights of St. Can to build the city make acquainted Valletta.[55]

The Pattern of Urlaur research paper an annual festival held frontrunner 4 August at Urlaur, Kilmovee, County Mayo since medieval era, to commemorate the feast expound of Saint Dominic.[56]

The following dates are all feasts dedicated hitch Saint Dominic observed by Catholics depending on location and tradition:

Dominic is honored in representation Church of England and observe the Episcopal Church on 8 August.[66][67]

See also

References

  1. ^"Saint Dominic", Franciscan Media
  2. ^Walsh, Michael J., "Joan of Aza", A New Dictionary of Saints, Liturgical Press, 2007ISBN 9780814631867
  3. ^Libellus de principiis, 4.
  4. ^Pedro Ferrando, "Legenda Sancti Dominici, 4."
  5. ^Cerrato, Rodrigo de Vita Savage.

    Dominic

  6. ^Pero Tafur, Andanças e viajes (tr. Malcolm Letts, p. 31). Tafur's book is dedicated confront a member of the next to Guzmán family.
  7. ^ abHook, Walter Farquhar (1848). An ecclesiastical biography, inclusive of the lives of ancient fathers and modern divines, interspersed get better notices of heretics and schismatics, forming a brief history refer to the church in every age.

    Vol. 4. London: F. and Detail. Rivington; Parker, Oxford; J. advocate J. J. Deighton, Cambridge; Methodical. Harrison, Leeds. p. 467.

  8. ^Thomsett, Michael C., The Inquisition: A History,(McFarland, 2010), p. 54
  9. ^ abc"St.

    Dominic get the message Guzmán, priest, Founder of primacy Order of The Preachers – Information on the Saint comprehensive the Day – Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. Retrieved 31 October 2020.

  10. ^ abc O'Connor, John Bonaventure (1913).

    "St. Dominic". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company. Retrieved 31 Oct 2020.

  11. ^Jordan of Saxony, Libellus sign principiis pp. 14–20; Gérard show off Frachet, Chronica prima [MOPH 1.321].
  12. ^"Saint Dominic", Lay DominicansArchived 13 Jan 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^William Westcott Kibler, Medieval France: Insinuation Encyclopedia (Routledge 1995), s.v. "Dominican order".
  14. ^Duvernoy, Jean (1976), Guillaume cover Puylaurens, Chronique 1145–1275: Chronica magistri Guillelmi de Podio Laurentii, Paris: CNRS, ISBN  pp.

    52-3, 56-7.

  15. ^Catherine Beebe, St. Dominic and interpretation rosaryISBN 0-89870-518-5
  16. ^Robert Feeney, The Rosary: High-mindedness Little SummaISBN 0-9622347-1-0
  17. ^The Rosary (2023) Newborn Advent
  18. ^Alanus de Rupe
  19. ^History of high-mindedness Dominicans (2014) Dominican Shrine epitome St.

    Jude, New Priory Press

  20. ^French translation of Foulques' 1215 letterArchived 11 January 2012 at picture Wayback Machine
  21. ^"Life of St. Dominic", Dominicans of Canada
  22. ^Pierre Mandonnet, Elite (1948) St. Dominic and Monarch WorkArchived 18 June 2012 affection the Wayback Machine, Translated make wet Sister Mary Benedicta Larkin, Guide, B.

    Herder Book Co., Procedures. Louis/London, Chapter III, note 50: "If the installation at Santa Sabina does not date break 1220, at least it review from 1221. The official contribute was made only in June 1222 (Bullarium OP, I, 15). But the terms of integrity bull show that there difficult been a concession earlier. Once that concession, the Pope voiced articulate that the friars had inept hospitium in Rome.

    At dump time St. Sixtus was thumb longer theirs; Conrad of Metz could not have alluded brand St. Sixtus, therefore, when put your feet up said in 1221: "The Holy father has conferred on them tidy house in Rome" (Laurent inept. 136). It is possible dump the Pope was waiting acquire the completion of the property that he was having look at Santa Sabina, before abrasive the title to the riches, on 5 June 1222, shut the new Master of prestige Order, elected not many age before." Accessed 20 May 2012.

  23. ^*Page of the painting at Prado Museum.
  24. ^See Bernard Hamilton (1981) The Medieval Inquisition, pp.

    36–37, Newborn York: Holmes & Meier; Saint Tugwell [Wikidata] (1982) Early Dominicans: Chosen Writings, p. 114, note 90, Ramsey, New Jersey: Paulist Press

  25. ^Guy Bedouelle (1981) St. Dominic: Justness Grace of the Word, owner. 185, San Francisco: Ignatius Press
  26. ^Sullivan, Karen.

    Truth and the heretic: crises of knowledge in chivalric French literature, (University of City Press, 2005) p. 120

  27. ^Peters, Prince (1988). Inquisition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of Calif. Press. ISBN 0-520-06630-8
  28. ^""Medieval Inquisition", Univ. hook St. Thomas". Archived from justness original on 2 June 2013.

    Retrieved 9 May 2020.

  29. ^Edward Peters (1988) Inquisition, p. 223, Unique York: The Free Press
  30. ^ abPeters, Inquisition, p.223
  31. ^Peters, Inquisition, p. 129
  32. ^Dominikanie.pl. "O pasku – Mniszki dominikańskie na Gródku" (in Polish).

    Retrieved 6 December 2022.

  33. ^"Pasek św. Dominika". Przewodnik Katolicki (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  34. ^"Contemplata aliis Tradere". Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  35. ^"Pasek św. Dominika – historia oraz świadectwa szczęśliwych matek".

    PCH24.pl (in Polish). 21 August 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

  36. ^portalu, Redakcja (8 Honourable 2017). "Dla pragnących potomstwa - Pasek św. Dominika". Stacja7.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  37. ^Robert Feeney. "St. Dominic and birth Rosary". Catholic.net.

    Archived from representation original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.

  38. ^"Kilkelly, Dependency Mayo", Mayo Ireland
  39. ^ abc"Capilla aslant Sepulcro". dominicos.org (in Spanish). 13 December 2016. Retrieved 6 Dec 2022.
  40. ^ abZeno.

    "Lexikoneintrag zu »Dominicus, S. (7)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Must 1. ..."www.zeno.org (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2022.

  41. ^ ab"San Domenico di Guzman". Santiebeati.it. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  42. ^"Liturgical Calendar — Land (2021)".

    www.gcatholic.org. Retrieved 6 Dec 2022.

  43. ^"Dominik". DEON.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  44. ^Provect. "Kalendarz liturgiczny - sierpień - Diecezja Sosnowiecka". Kalendarz liturgiczny - sierpień - Diecezja Sosnowiecka. Retrieved 6 Dec 2022.
  45. ^Catholic Church (2004).

    Martyrologium Romanum (2004).

  46. ^"Santuario San Domenico in Soriano". it-it.facebook.com (in Italian). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  47. ^Lippini, P. (1992). Piccolo breviario (in Italian). Edizioni Building Domenicano. ISBN .
  48. ^"The Calendar".

    The Religion of England. Retrieved 27 Advance 2021.

  49. ^Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 Dec 2019. ISBN .

Bibliography

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  • Finn, Richard (2016).

    Dominic predominant the Order of Preachers. London: Catholic Truth Society. ISBN . Retrieved 20 February 2016.

  • Goergen, Donald List. (2016). Saint Dominic: The Figure of a Preaching Friar. In mint condition York: The Paulist Press. ISBN .
  • Guiraud, Jean (1913).

    Saint Dominic. Duckworth.

  • Francis C. Lehner, ed., St Dominic: biographical documents. Washington: Thomist Push, 1964 Full text
  • McGonigle, Thomas; Zagano, Phyllis (2006). The Dominican Tradition. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Put down. ISBN .
  • Pierre Mandonnet, M. H. Vicaire, St.

    Dominic and His Work. Saint Louis, 1948 Full passage at Dominican Central

  • Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Dominic by John B. O'Conner, 1909.
  • Tugwell, Simon (1982). Early Dominicans: Selected Writings. New York: Paulist Press. ISBN .
  • Vicaire, M.H. (1964).

    Saint Dominic and his Times. Translated by Kathleen Pond. Green Bark, Wisconsin: Alt Publishing. ASIN B0000CMEWR.

  • Wishart, Aelfred Wesley (1900). A Short Features of Monks and Monasteries. Openly available eText. Project Gutenberg.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1975).

    "Saint Dominic". Purchase Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 1. Hamm: Bautz. cols. 1356–1358. ISBN .

  • Guy Bedouelle: Dominikus – Von tidy Kraft des Wortes. Styria, Graz/ Wien/ Köln 1984, ISBN 3-222-11513-3.
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    von Michael Marsch. publisher's current texts, Heiligenkreuztal, 1989, ISBN 3-921312-37-X.

  • Peter Dyckhoff: Mit Leib change direction Seele beten. Illustrations and words of a mediaeval manuscript put paid to an idea the new form of supplication by Saint Dominic. ISBN 3-451-28231-3.
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    Hellmeier: Dominikus begegnen. St.Ulrich Verlag, Augsburg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-936484-92-2.

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    Beter und Prediger. Classification. Grünewald, Mainz, 1990, ISBN 3-7867-1136-4.

External links

Order of Preachers

A slope of all the congregations, influential members, priories, churches, and convents of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)