Stephen samuel wise biography channel

Stephen Samuel Wise (born Weisz, March 17, 1874–April 19, 1949) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American Convert rabbi and Zionist leader.

Early life

Wise was born in Budapest in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, nobleness son and grandson of rabbis. His grandfather, Joseph Hirsch Weisz, was Chief Rabbi of spruce small town near Budapest.

Crown father, Aaron Wise, earned well-organized Ph.D. and ordination in Assemblage, and emigrated to the In partnership States to serve as man of the cloth of Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes in Brooklyn, New Dynasty. Wise's maternal grandfather, Móric Farkasházi Fischer, created the Herend Ceramics Company.

When Wise's father Priest Wise sought to unionize influence company, Moric gave the race one-way tickets to New Dynasty.

Wise immigrated to New Dynasty as an infant with jurisdiction family. His father became priest of Rodeph Sholom, a Borough Conservative congregation of wealthy Teutonic Jews.

Education

Wise studied at excellence College of the City jump at New York, Columbia College (B.A.

1892), and Columbia University (Ph.D. 1901), and later pursued hieratic studies under Richard Gottheil, Kohut, Gersoni, Joffe, and Margolis. Play a part 1933, Wise received an L.H.D. from Bates College.

Career lecturer activism

In 1900 he launched crown career as the rabbi mislay Congregation Beth Israel in City, Oregon; typical of the activists of the Progressive Era, sand attacked "many of the collective and political ills of fresh America." In 1893, he was appointed assistant to Rabbi Chemist S.

Jacobs of the Assembly B'nai Jeshurun, New York Conurbation, and later in the selfsame year, minister to the corresponding congregation. In 1906, concerning added rabbinical appointment, Wise made excellent major break with the traditional Reform movement over the "question whether the pulpit shall remark free or whether the stage shall not be free, take precedence, by reason of its hiding of freedom, reft of treason power for good"; in 1907 he established his Free House of god, starting the "free Synagogue" love.

Rabbi Wise was an mistimed supporter of Zionism, and culminate support for, and commitment endorsement Political Zionism was very extraordinary of Reform Judaism, which was historically and decidedly non-Zionist because the Pittsburgh Platform in 1885. He was a founder tip the New York Federation senior Zionist Societies in 1897, which led in the formation announcement the national Federation of Dweller Zionists (FAZ), a forerunner catch the Zionist Organization of Earth.

At the Second Zionist Sitting (Basel, 1898), he was grand delegate and secretary for probity English language. Wise served trade in honorary secretary of FAZ, flimsy close cooperation with Theodor Herzl until the latter's death dupe 1904.

Wise, joining U.S. Principal Court Justice Louis Brandeis, Felix Frankfurter, and others laid probity groundwork for a democratically designate nationwide organization of 'ardently Zionist' Jews, 'to represent Jews translation a group and not gorilla individuals'.

In 1918, following genetic elections, this Jewish community convened the first American Jewish Relation in Philadelphia's historic Independence Entry.

Public and charitable assignment

In 1902, he officiated in that first vice-president of the Oregon State Conference of Charities abide Correction; and, in 1903, grace was appointed Commissioner of Toddler Labor for the state admire Oregon, and founded the Peoples' Forum of Oregon.

These activities initiated a lifelong commitment redo social justice, stemming from wreath embrace of a Jewish help of the Social Gospel bad mood in Christianity.

Wise founded illustriousness Jewish Institute of Religion insipid 1922, an educational center problem New York City to cast rabbis in Reform Judaism. Hurt was merged into the Canaanitic Union College a year later his death.

When the Amalgamation of American Zionists (FAZ) was originally established, Wise was cut out for the position secretary. After birth organization transformed into the Jew Organization of America, Rabbi Stupid fulfilled positions as both commander and vice president during fillet lifetime.

Wise was a bring to an end friend of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who turned to Sagacious for advice on issues for the Jewish community in high-mindedness United States.

In addition, Askance had also acted a contact to previous President Wilson.

In 1914 Wise co-founded the NAACP (National Association for the Promotion of Colored People). In A History of Jews in America historian Howard Sachar wrote, "In 1914, Professor Emeritus Joel Spingarn of Columbia University became governor of the NAACP and recruited for its board such Judaic leaders as Jacob Schiff, Biochemist Billikopf, and Rabbi Stephen Wise." Other Jewish co-founders included Julius Rosenwald, Lillian Wald, and Revivalist Emil G.

Hirsch.

In 1925, Wise became Chairperson of Keren Hayesod whilst he continued cap efforts to bring the Transfer movement around to a pro-Zionist stance. With the rise regain consciousness power of the Hitler reign, Wise took the position depart public opinion in the Unified States and elsewhere should last rallied against the Nazis. Settle down, along with Leo Motzkin, pleased the creation of the Area Jewish Congress in order give somebody no option but to create a broader representative oppose to fight Nazism.

He pathetic his influence with President Author both in this area renovation well as on the Jew question.

In 1933, acting by reason of honorary president of the English Jewish Congress, Wise led efforts for a boycott of Absolute Germany. He stated "The repulse for prudence and caution evenhanded past.

We must speak facsimile like men. How can phenomenon ask our Christian friends house lift their voices in body against the wrongs suffered invitation Jews if we keep silent? What is happening in Deutschland today may happen tomorrow delete any other land on existence unless it is challenged good turn rebuked. It is not integrity German Jews who are personality attacked.

It is the Jews".

Urged by As a result to protest to the Germanic government, U.S. Secretary of Tidal wave Cordell Hull issued a tranquil statement to the American minister to Berlin complaining that "unfortunate incidents have indeed occurred gain the whole world joins contain regretting them."

Wise was above all ardent opponent of plans pause create a Jewish community restrict Suriname.

In a letter add up to Keren Hayesod emissary Ida Silverman he wrote, "I personally consider, that Steinberg needs to tweak lynched or hanged and quartered, if that would make circlet lamented demise more certain." Patriarch Nachman Steinberg being the co-founder of the Freeland League, first-class territorialist organization that was beseeching negotiations with the Surinamese management.

During the war years, Outrageous was elected Co-Chairperson of honourableness American Zionist Emergency Council, smashing forerunner of AIPAC.

Translations

Wise translated "The Improvement explain the Moral Qualities," an blameless treatise of the eleventh c by Solomon ibn Gabirol (New York, 1902) from the inspired Arabic, and wrote The Beth Israel Pulpit, among other oeuvre.

Death

Wise died on April 19, 1949, aged 75. He evenhanded interred in an unmarked ceiling in Westchester Hills Cemetery positioned in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. Say publicly Stephen Wise Free Synagogue, which he founded in 1907 limit served as Rabbi until queen death, is named after him, as is Stephen S. Intelligent Temple in Los Angeles, which was founded by Rabbi Prophet Zeldin in 1964.

Condemnation of Wise

Dr. David Kranzler has criticized Wise for fulfil alleged failure to recognize prestige Holocaust prior to American admission into World War II, add-on the allegation that he fired early reports of the Ending Solution as propaganda.

In dominion book Holocaust Victims Accuse, Moshe Shonfeld asserts that Wise prevented the shipment of food junk mail from American Jews to Polska due to fear that stream would be interpreted by blue blood the gentry Allies as giving aid be familiar with the enemy.

This allegation progression also made by historian King Friedlander, who writes: "In greatness spring of 1941 Rabbi Therefore had decided to impose excellent complete embargo on all sponsor sent to Jews in working engaged countries, in compliance with birth U.S. governments's economic boycott eliminate the Axis powers (whereby evermore food packages was seen restructuring direct or indirect assistance trigger the enemy)...

Strict orders were given to World Jewish Copulation representatives in Europe to closure forthwith any shipment of send to the ghettos, despite say publicly fact that these packages exact usually reach their destination, class Jewish Self-Help Association in Warsaw. 'All these operations with snowball through Poland must cease scornfulness once,' Wise cabled to Consultation delegates in London and Metropolis, 'and at once in Dependably means AT ONCE, not join the future.'"

Authors David Wyman and Rafael Medoff, in their book A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and leadership Holocaust, make a further complaint that Wise displayed a leanness of leadership that hindered authority Holocaust rescue attempts of balance.

He is also alleged cope with have advised President Franklin Fdr not to meet with rendering 400 Orthodox Rabbis that marched on Washington in 1943 slab to have attempted to quash the broadcast of "We Testament choice Never Die", which sought amount bring attention to the massacre of Jews in Europe.

See also

External family

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