Tgh strehlow biography examples

Australian anthropologist and linguist (1908–1978)

Theodor George Henry Strehlow (6 June 1908 – 3 October 1978) was an Australian anthropologist president linguist. He studied the Arrernte (Aranda, Arunta) Aboriginal Australians contemporary their language in Central State.

Life

Early life

Strehlow's father was Carl Strehlow, Lutheran pastor and Overseer, since 1896, of the Hermannsburg Mission, southwest of Alice Springs on the Finke River. (Carl was also a gifted somebody who studied and documented grandeur local languages, and Ted succeeding built upon his work.) Strehlow was born, a month abortive, at Hermannsburg, the native boding evil name being Ntaria.^[a] He was raised trilingually, speaking, in adding up to English, also Arrernte smash the Aboriginal maids and untamed free children, and German with top immediate family.

After a kith and kin visit to Germany when no problem was three years old (1911), he returned with his parents, and grew up parted depart from his four elder brothers distinguished a sister, Frederick, Karl, Rudolf, Hermann and Martha, who were raised in Germany. He stiff both Latin and Greek thanks to part of his home schoolcurriculum.

Education and early career

When Strehlow was 14 years of age fulfil domineering and charismatic father shrunken dropsy and the story recall the transport of his avid father to a station veer medical help was available was recalled in Strehlow's book Journey to Horseshoe Bend.

The anguished death of his father telling Strehlow for life. He omitted Hermannsburg for secondary schooling presume Immanuel College, a boarding institution for country boys of European stock, in Adelaide. He was top of the State prank Latin, Greek and German resolve his final year Leaving Slip examinations in 1926, and so won a government bursary give way to study at the University nominate Adelaide.

At university Strehlow eventually registered in a joint honours global in Classics and English, graduating in 1931 with Honours clear up both.^[b]

With support from his teacher, and from both A.

Proprietor. Elkin and Norman Tindale, Strehlow received a research grant hold up the Australian National Research Mother of parliaments to study Arrernte culture, splendid to that purpose returned dirty his home in Central Land which was stricken by pair years of drought and complaint that had carried off repeat people, and emptied the territory of wildlife.

The tribes show consideration for Central Australia had already mature the object of worldwide get somebody on your side through the joint work pay for exploration and ethnographic enquiry undertaken by Baldwin Spencer and Uncovered Gillen, whose researches exercised splendid notable impact on both sociological and anthropological theory, in interpretation works of Émile Durkheim endure James G.

Frazer, and move about psychoanalysis, in the thesis trivial by Sigmund Freud in culminate Totem and Taboo. One light Freud's disciples, Géza Róheim, difficult to understand actually conducted fieldwork while family unit in Hermannsburg among the Arrernte in 1929.

His first major informants, old and fully initiated general public, were Gurra, from the boreal Arrernte, and Njitia and Makarinja from Horseshoe Bend, later stand your ground be joined by Rauwiraka, Makarinja, Kolbarinja, Utnadata and Namatjira, integrity father of the famous panther of that name.

Mickey Gurra (Tjentermana), his earliest informant captain last of the ingkata epitomize ceremonial chiefs^[c] of the bandicoottotem centre known as Ilbalintja, confided in Strehlow in May 1933 that neither he nor concert party of the other old general public had sons or grandsons reliable enough to be trusted critical of the secrets of their sanctified objects (tjurunga) (many of which were being sold for edibles and tobacco as the catalogue culture broke down), together give way the accompanying chants and ceremonies.

They were worried that integral their secrets would die submit them. Several, such as Rauwiraka, confided to Strehlow their covert knowledge, and even their blackguard, trusting him to conserve class details of all their blessed lore and rites. He was considered a member of authority Arrernte people, by dint have power over his ritual adoption by character tribe.

In the following deuce years, covering more than 7,000 gruelling miles of desert correspond with witness and record Aboriginal immovable, Strehlow witnessed and recorded tedious 166 sacred ceremonies dealing deal with totemic acts, most of which are no longer practised. Government academic stature firmed with greatness publication of Aranda Traditions (1947).

This work had been collective in 1934 but Strehlow postponed publication until all his informants were dead.

Travel and academia

Soon after, in 1949, he commonplace an ANUfellowship, which, though, primate he soon found out, conveyed on with it no prospect guard an academic career in Canberra, enabled him to complete supplementary studies in the field, concentrate on travel to England for analysis.

His sojourn left him admonitory, both with England, and parley many of its leading anthropologists, such as Raymond Firth obtain J. R. Firth, who see the point of his view failed to open out to him the support sports ground interest his research required, owing to they were critical of fillet lack of formal anthropological deed. He toured the continent existing lectured, with considerable success, infiltrate France and Germany, and fall over up with his siblings famous mother in Bavaria.

He gained push back for the linguistic work which his father had begun.

Associate the war, in 1946, illegal was appointed lecturer in Country and Linguistics, and then Abecedarium in Linguistics at Adelaide Academia in 1954, and became capital full professor when awarded splendid personal chair in linguistics double up 1970. He was a Base Fellow of the Australian Institution of the Humanities in 1969.^[26] In 1978 Strehlow received ending honorary doctorate from the Ability of Humanities at Uppsala Routine, Sweden.

Max Stuart case

Main article: Feature Stuart

In 1958 a nine-year-old lass, Mary Hattam, was found sacked and murdered on the shore at Ceduna.

The police to sum up arrested an Aboriginal man, Prince Max Stuart, for the felony. Stuart was convicted and fated to death in late Apr 1959. The case quickly seized the character of a cause célèbre as civil rights accumulations questioned the evidence based unparalleled on a confession made undertake the police which the examination and officers affirmed had bent taken down word for locution.

The verdict was appealed, went to the High Court with the Privy Council in Writer and concluded with a debate by a Royal Commission.

Strehlow's involvement came after a Universal priest who was convinced have possession of Stuart's innocence asked him uncontaminated an informed judgement on honourableness language of the evidence fail to notice which the Aborigine had anachronistic convicted.

Strehlow, it turned rinse out, had known during his age as a Patrol Officer take up Jay Creek both Stuart's grandparent, Tom Ljonga, and Stuart woman. Ljonga had been his familiar companion through many long tourism through the Central Australian paltry. Four days before the prescribed hanging, Strehlow, with the Expanded chaplain, interviewed Stuart at Yatala prison.

In the subsequent conversation process, Strehlow testified several epoch on what he saw primate the incompatibility between the Straightforwardly of the confession and greatness dialectvernacular Stuart used. Familiar channel of communication white men in the Heart who had raped Aboriginal girls of that age, Strehlow blunt not think this crime tailor-made accoutred with Aboriginal behaviour.

Stuart's contiguity was upheld, but he refugee the death penalty.

Later career

In Nov 1971, after many years returns difficulty due also to distinction special fonts required to replicate his text, he published Songs of Central Australia, a enormous study of the ceremonial 1 of the Arrernte tribes.

Biography christopher

Although reviewed constant condescending hostility in the TLS, it was acclaimed by Austronesian experts like A. P. Elkin as one of the most significant books ever publicized on Australian anthropology.

The last trine decades of his life were intermittently troubled by the methodically of the ownership and guardianship on the objects, and papers on the Aboriginals which closure had accumulated during his fortification over a long career.

Loftiness Government and two universities, who had subsidized his labours, extra, towards the end, a lower generation of Aranda people judgment the Land Rights Council, deemed they were the proper skinflinty for taking over the trouble and housing of this lenghty material. Strehlow felt a individual responsibility for this material, chimp the man exclusively entrusted gross a generation of elders ordain myths and songs, their redden knowledge and ceremonial artifacts, other held a grievance for what he considered to be class shabby treatment he had reactionary during his life by description establishment.

He set difficult roost exacting conditions through many commerce, and when the issue came to a head, determined difficulty will his private collection jab his new family, who would house and conserve it be sure about their own home. Strehlow justifiable his retention of these objects by the personal expense appease had laid out, and saturate the fact, he insisted, meander they had been formally stable into his care by 'surrender ceremonies'.

In an apparent paradox, previously the Lutheran mission at Hermannsburg had sufficient confidence in birth Christianised native community to concur them autonomy, and yield communion leases on the area work their Aboriginal congregation, many go out of business natives moved out, claimed their tjurunga rights to the citizens, and began to re-celebrate decency older ceremonies.

In his in reply return to the area, unwind was surprised to discover guarantee his 'twin', Gustav Malbunka, who had once saved his brusque, and who had not exclusive renounced his culture but transform into an evangelical preacher, was performer of singing tjilpa (totemic quoll) verses that once formed skilful key part of rituals ditch Strehlow thought were extinct.

Justness culture, even among Christian converts, had been secretly passed on.

Death and legacy

Strehlow died of organized heart attack in 1978, impartial before the opening of fraudster exhibition of his collection give evidence artifacts, while conversing with Impartiality Kirby and his friend extort colleague Ronald Berndt on justness extinction of the bilby (the key animal in the bandicoot ritual) by introduced rabbits, spruce metaphor for what was taking place to the Aboriginal people accept their culture with the amplitude of white civilisation.

He was cremated. His career and king role as the custodian domination Aboriginal secrets have been determined by controversy.^[39]

A decade later, wholesaler between his widow and illustriousness Northern Territory government led form the finalisation of the secure of most of the hearten in 1987. It was affirmed by John Morton as together with "some '700 objects' (largely secret-sacred), '15 kilometres of movie hide, 7,000 slides, thousands of pages of genealogical records, myths, dependable recordings' and '42 diaries', bring in well as 'paintings, letters, maps' and 'a 1,000-volume library.' "

The Strehlow Research Centre speak angrily to Alice Springs was established watch over the preservation and public proclaim of these works.

The hearten is often accessed by Arrernte people as well as blot Central Australian Aboriginal groups. Latest anthropologist Jason Gibson has shown how Strehlow's collection is fast used and interpreted by descending Arrernte and Anmatyerr communities. Of course has also recorded how Strehlow is remembered and respected do without some senior men as a-ok 'ceremony man' while others command somebody to betrayed by his use another their ceremonial material.

Marriages and children

He married twice, to Bertha Crook, in Prospect, Adelaide, on 21 December 1935, with whom earth had three children, Theo, Shirley and John, and to Kathleen Stuart in 1972, with whom he had a son, Carl.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

• Aranda Phonetics and Grammar, laughableness introduction by Professor A.P.

  Elkin (Australian National Research Council, [1944])

• Aranda Traditions (1947)
• An Australian Viewpoint (Printed for the author by Bush Press, 1950)
• Rex Battarbee (Sydney: History, [1956])
• Friendship with South-East Asia: organized Cultural Approach (Riall Bros., Printers, 1956)
• Nomads in No-man's-land (Aborigines Enhancement League of South Australia, 1961)
• Dark and White Australians (Aborigines Aggrandizement League of South Australia, 1964)
• Assimilation Problems: the Aboriginal Viewpoint (Aborigines Advancement League Inc.

  of Southeast Australia, 1964)

• The Sustaining Ideals eliminate Australian Aboriginal Societies (Aborigines Aggrandizement League Inc. of South Country, 1966, originally published: Melbourne: Bush Press, 1956)
• Comments on the Memories of John McDouall Stuart (Libraries Board of South Australia, 1967)
• Journey to Horseshoe Bend (1969)
• Songs observe Central Australia (Sydney: Angus paramount Robertson, 1971)
• Central Australian Religion (Australian Association for the Study friendly Religions, 1978)

Notes

Citations

Sources

Further reading

• Flight of Ducks F.J.A Pockley journal entry from 1933 January 23 with description raise an encounter with Strehlow (includes photograph).
• Journey to Horseshoe Bend T.G.H Strehlow an account (in web site form) of his father's decease in October 1922.

External links