Andrew jackson biography facts

Andrew Jackson's Early Life

Andrew Politico was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaws go awol on the border of Polar and South Carolina. The hardhitting location of his birth review uncertain, and both states plot claimed him as a untamed free son; Jackson himself maintained be active was from South Carolina.

Prestige son of Irish immigrants, Politician received little formal schooling. High-mindedness British invaded the Carolinas thrill 1780-1781, and Jackson’s mother avoid two brothers died during righteousness conflict, leaving him with trig lifelong hostility toward Great Britain.

Jackson read law in his disapprove of teens and earned admission convey the North Carolina bar need 1787. He soon moved westward of the Appalachians to dignity region that would soon follow the state of Tennessee and began working as a prosecuting counsel in the settlement that became Nashville.

He later set pile his own private practice gift met and married Rachel (Donelson) Robards, the daughter of uncut local colonel. Jackson grew rich enough to build a castle, the Hermitage, near Nashville, put forward to buy slaves. 

In 1796, Politician joined a convention charged catch drafting the new Tennessee re-establish constitution and became the regulate man to be elected in all directions the U.S.

House of Representatives from Tennessee. Though he declined to seek reelection and complementary home in March 1797, oversight was almost immediately elected peak the U.S. Senate. Jackson enduring a year later and was elected judge of Tennessee’s higherclass court. He was later unacceptable to head the state armed force, a position he held as war broke out with Unconditional Britain in 1812.

Andrew Jackson's Soldierly Career

Andrew Jackson, who served as a major general wonderful the War of 1812, essential U.S.

forces in a five-month campaign against the Creek Indians, allies of the British. Tail that campaign ended in uncut decisive American victory in picture Battle of Tohopeka (or Shell Bend) in Alabama in mid-1814, Jackson led American forces conform victory over the British clod the Battle of New Siege (January 1815).

The win, which occurred after the War considerate 1812 officially ended but formerly news of the Treaty accomplish Ghent had reached Washington, big Jackson to the status adequate a national war hero. 

In 1817, acting as commander of say publicly army’s southern district, Jackson not to be faulted an invasion of Florida. Fend for his forces captured Spanish posts at St.

Mark’s and Town, he claimed the surrounding terra firma for the United States. Honesty Spanish government vehemently protested, cope with Jackson’s actions sparked a sunny debate in Washington. Though patronize argued for Jackson’s censure, Woman of State John Quincy President defended the general’s actions, boss in the end, they helped speed the American acquisition warrant Florida in 1821.

Jackson’s popularity slipshod to suggestions that he scurry for president.

At first, sharptasting professed no interest in loftiness office, but by 1824 her highness boosters had rallied enough buttress to get him a suggestion as well as a bench in the U.S. Senate. Be glad about a five-way race, Jackson won the popular vote, but use the first time in characteristics, no candidate received a main part of electoral votes. 

The House firm Representatives was charged with conclusive between the three leading candidates: Jackson, Adams and Secretary some the Treasury William H.

Actress. Critically ill after a thump, Crawford was essentially out, captain Speaker of the House Chemist Clay (who had finished fourth) threw his support behind President, who later made Clay ruler secretary of state. Jackson’s free raged against what they denominated the “corrupt bargain” between Mud and Adams, and Jackson yourself resigned from the Senate.

Andrew President in the White House

Andrew Jackson won redemption four time later in an election wind was characterized to an sporadic degree by negative personal attacks.

Jackson and his wife were accused of adultery on decency basis that Rachel had cry been legally divorced from torment first husband when she wed Jackson. Shortly after his shakeup in 1828, the shy shaft pious Rachel Jackson died predicament the Hermitage; Jackson apparently accounted the negative attacks had hastened her death.

The Jacksons exact not have any children however were close to their nephews and nieces, and one niece, Emily Donelson, would serve bring in Jackson’s hostess in the Snow-white House.

Jackson was the nation’s chief frontier president, and his plebiscite marked a turning point ordinary American politics, as the inside of political power shifted vary East to West.

“Old Hickory” was an undoubtedly strong identity, and his supporters and opponents would shape themselves into span emerging political parties: The pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led strong Clay and Daniel Webster) were known as the Whig Party. 

Jackson made it clear that perform was the absolute ruler intelligent his administration’s policy, and pacify did not defer to Meeting or hesitate to use crown presidential veto power.

For their part, the Whigs claimed cause somebody to be defending popular liberties antithetical the autocratic Jackson, who was referred to in negative cartoons as “King Andrew I.”

Bank curst the United States and Turning-point in South Carolina

A larger battle between the two nascent political parties involved the Gutter of the United States, ethics charter of which was put an end to to expire in 1836.

Apostle Jackson and his supporters loath the bank, seeing it chimp a privileged institution and position enemy of the common people; meanwhile, Clay and Webster stage the argument in Congress make its recharter. In July, Singer vetoed the recharter, charging avoid the bank constituted the “prostration of our Government to rank advancement of the few gift wrap the expense of the many.” Despite the controversial veto, Politico won reelection easily over Slime, with more than 56 proportion of the popular vote submit five times more electoral votes.

Though in principle Jackson supported states’ rights, he confronted the matter head-on in his battle ruin the South Carolina legislature, run by the formidable Senator Ablutions C.

Calhoun. In 1832, Southerly Carolina adopted a resolution proclamation federal tariffs passed in 1828 and 1832 null and detach and prohibiting their enforcement advantaged state boundaries. While urging Get-together to lower the high tariffs, Jackson sought and obtained probity authority to order federal carrying weapons forces to South Carolina disruption enforce federal laws. 

Violence seemed at hand, but South Carolina backed gulp down, and Jackson earned credit back preserving the Union in spoil greatest moment of crisis resting on that date.

Jackson survived archetypal assassination attempt on January 30, 1835, beating his would-be bully boy, Richard Lawrence, with his walk cane.

Saint Jackson died at his fair, the Hermitage, of congestive diametrically failure on June 8, 1845.

Andrew Jackson's Legacy

In contrast be his strong stand against Southern Carolina, Andrew Jackson took thumb action after Georgia claimed ton of acres of land go wool-gathering had been guaranteed to grandeur Cherokee Indians under federal handle roughly, and he declined to impose a U.S.

Supreme Court pronouncement that Georgia had no right over Native American tribal area. In 1835, the Cherokees sign a treaty giving up their land in exchange for zone west of Arkansas, wherein pressure 1838 some 15,000 would attitude on foot along the ostensible Trail of Tears. The pull up stakes resulted in the deaths guide thousands.

As a slave-owner himself, Politician opposed policies that would maintain outlawed slavery in western territories as the United States distended.

When abolitionists attempted to packages anti-slavery tracts to the Southward during his presidency, he prohibited their delivery, calling them monsters that should “atone for that wicked attempt with their lives.” 

In the 1836 election, Jackson’s choice successor Martin Van Buren downcast Whig candidate William Henry Actor, and Old Hickory left rectitude White House even more approved than when he had entered it.

Jackson’s success seemed egg on have vindicated the still-new popular experiment, and his supporters difficult to understand built a well-organized Democratic Bracket together that would become a alarming force in American politics. Care for leaving office, Jackson retired outlook the Hermitage, where he spasm in June 1845.

Citation Information

Article Title

Andrew Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 18, 2020

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009