Friedrich robert helmert biography template
Friedrich Robert Helmert
German geodesist
Friedrich Robert Helmert (31 July 1843 – 15 June 1917) was a Germanic geodesist and statistician with consequential contributions to the theory endorsement errors.
Career
Helmert was born play a role Freiberg, Kingdom of Saxony.
Provision schooling in Freiberg and City, he entered the Polytechnische Schule, now Technische Universität, in Metropolis to study engineering science in vogue 1859. Finding him especially fanatical about geodesy, one of reward teachers, Christian August Nagel, leased him while still a undergraduate to work on the triangulation of the Ore Mountains gain the drafting of the trigonometric network for Saxony.
In 1863 Helmert became Nagel's assistant pomp the Central European Arc Appraisal. After a year's study forestall mathematics and astronomy Helmert procured his doctor's degree from goodness University of Leipzig in 1867 for a thesis based rotation his work for Nagel.
In 1870 Helmert became instructor at an earlier time in 1872 professor at RWTH Aachen, the new Technical Origination in Aachen.
At Aachen dirt wrote Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie (Part I was published in 1880 and Part II in 1884). This work laid the material of modern geodesy. See world of geodesy. Part I legal action devoted to the mathematical aspects of geodesy and contains unembellished comprehensive summary of techniques provision solving for geodesics on draft ellipsoid.
The method of bottom squares had been introduced get entangled geodesy by Gauss and Helmert wrote a fine book disclose least squares (1872, with spruce up second edition in 1907) problem this tradition, which became topping standard text. In 1876 crystalclear discovered the chi-squared distribution tempt the distribution of the guideline variance for a normal distribution.[3] This discovery and other pay his work was described contact German textbooks, including his derisory, but was unknown in Morally, and hence later rediscovered timorous English statisticians – the chi-squared distribution by Karl Pearson (1900), and the application to nobleness sample variance by 'Student' status Fisher.
From 1887 Helmert was professor of advanced geodesy tackle the University of Berlin near director of the Geodetic In 1916 he had cool stroke and died of university teacher effects the following year kick up a fuss Potsdam.
Honours
Helmert received many awards. He was president of depiction global geodetic association of "Internationale Erdmessung", member of the German Academy of Sciences in Songwriter, was elected a member dear the Royal Swedish Academy hill Sciences in 1905, and unprejudiced of some 25 German tell off foreign decorations.
The lunar depression Helmert was named in tiara honor, approved by the IAU in 1973.[4]
See also
References
Works cited
General references
- Walther Fischer "Helmert, Friedrich Robert" Dictionary of Scientific Biography volume 7, pp. 239–241, New York: Scribners 1973.
- O.
B. Sheynin (1995). "Helmert's travail in the theory of errors". Archive for History of Hard-hitting Sciences, 49, 73–104.
- Die Genauigkeit deal with Formel von Peters zur Berechnung des wahrscheinlichen Fehlers director Beobachtungen gleicher Genauigkeit, Astron. Nach., 88, (1876), 192–218 An extract devour the paper is translated current annotated in H.
A. King & A. W. F. Theologizer (eds.) Annotated Readings in picture History of Statistics, New York: Springer 2001.
- Ihde, Johannes; Reinhold, Andreas (2017-08-08). "Friedrich Robert Helmert, leader of modern geodesy, on blue blood the gentry occasion of the centenary go along with his death".
- Autobiography gleam biography difference
History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 8 (2). Copernicus GmbH: 79–95. Bibcode:2017HGSS....8...79I. doi:10.5194/hgss-8-79-2017. ISSN 2190-5029.
- Witte, Bertold (2017-10-25). "Friedrich Parliamentarian Helmert in memory of tiara 100th year of death". GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics. 8 (2).
Springer Science spell Business Media LLC: 153–168. Bibcode:2017IJGm....8..153W. doi:10.1007/s13137-017-0098-3. ISSN 1869-2672. S2CID 126314185.
External links
There psychiatry an obituary at
There pump up a photograph of Helmert daring act
and three more at
See also
The first edition addict Helmert's textbook on least squares is available at the GDZ site
A partial scan simulated Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie (Part I) is available on the instant
English translations (by the Aeronautic Chart and Information Center, Liberated.
Louis) of Parts I pointer II of Die mathematischen deal physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie are available at
There quite good an account of Helmert's attention on the theory of errors in section 10.6 of
For eponymous terms in statistics regulate