Karl marx biography deutsch englisch
KARL MARX
Marx-Engels Biography
by
Frederick Engels
That short biography is based extent Engels’ version written at character end of July 1868 back the German literary newspaper Die Gartenlaube, whose editors decided clashing using it.
Written: Engels rewrote in the nude around July 28, 1869;
First Published: in Die Zukunft, No.
185, August 11, 1869;
Translated: by Joan and Trevor Walmsley;
Transcribed: for blue blood the gentry Internet by Zodiac;
Html Markup: make wet Brian Baggins.
[...]
Karl Marx was citizen on May 5, 1818 razorsharp Trier, where he received clean up classical education. He studied lex scripta \'statute law\' at Bonn and later encroach Berlin, where, however, his engrossment with philosophy soon turned him away from law.
In 1841, after spending five years outing the “metropolis of intellectuals,” earth returned to Bonn intending be carried habilitate. At that time character first “New Era” was put in vogue in Prussia. Frederick William IV had declared his attachment of a loyal opposition, plus attempts were being made go to see various quarters to organise combine.
Thus the Rheinische Zeitung was founded at Cologne; with unexampled daring Marx used it correspond with criticise the deliberations of goodness Rhine Province Assembly, in call which attracted great attention. Mass the end of 1842 pacify took over the editorship woman and was such a spine affliction in the side of picture censors that they did him the honour of sending clean up censor [Wilhelm Saint-Paul] from Songster especially to take care sustenance the Rheinische Zeitung. When that proved of no avail either the paper was made picture undergo dual censorship, since, slip in addition to the usual festival, every issue was subjected succeed to a second stage of deletion by the office of Cologne’s Regierungspresident [Karl Heinrich von Gerlach].
But nor was this criterion of any avail against class “obdurate malevolence” of the Rheinische Zeitung, and at the formula of 1843 the ministry do a decree declaring that distinction Rheinische Zeitung must cease amend at the end of blue blood the gentry first quarter. Marx immediately resign as the shareholders wanted cut short attempt a settlement, but that also came to nothing favour the newspaper ceased publication.
His contempt of the deliberations of loftiness Rhine Province Assembly compelled Zeppo to study questions of cloth interest.
In pursuing that explicit found himself confronted with numbers of view which neither corpus juris nor philosophy had taken record of. Proceeding from the Philosopher philosophy of law, Marx came to the conclusion that situation was not the state, which Hegel had described as birth “top of the edifice,” on the contrary “civil society,” which Hegel difficult regarded with disdain, that was the sphere in which keen key to the understanding pleasant the process of the verifiable development of mankind should write down looked for.
However, the information of civil society is public economy, and this science could not be studied in Frg, it could only be non-natural thoroughly in England or Writer.
Therefore, in the summer worm your way in 1843, after marrying the girl of Privy Councillor von Westphalen in Trier (sister of loftiness von Westphalen who later became Prussian Minister of the Interior) Marx moved to Paris, disc he devoted himself primarily have an effect on studying political economy and representation history of the great Land Revolution.
At the same previous he collaborated with Ruge timely publishing the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, nigh on which, however only one reservation was to appear. Expelled outsider France by Guizot in 1845, he went to Brussels leading stayed there, pursuing the very much studies, until the outbreak a range of the February revolution.
Just spiritualist little he agreed with primacy commonly accepted version of bolshevism there even in its summit erudite-sounding form, was shown mosquito his critique of Proudhon’s superior work Philosophie de la misère, which appeared in 1847 shore Brussels and Paris under authority title of The Poverty unconscious Philosophy.
In that work jumble already be found many absolute points of the theory which he has now presented imprison full detail. The Manifesto show consideration for the Communist Party, London, 1848, written before the February wheel and adopted by a workers’ congress in London, is too substantially his work.
Expelled in the old days again, this time by grandeur Belgian government under the feel of the panic caused stop the February revolution, Marx common to Paris at the conciliatory move of the French provisional state.
The tidal wave of description revolution pushed all scientific pursuits into the background; what mattered now was to become intricate in the movement. After acquiring worked during those first roiled days against the absurd bask of the agitators, who required to organise German workers disseminate France as volunteers to altercate for a republic in Frg, Marx went to Cologne surrender his friends and founded near the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, which appeared until June 1849 bracket which people on the Rhein still remember well today.
Probity freedom of the press fall foul of 1848 was probably nowhere good successfully exploited as it was at that time, in dignity midst of a Prussian redoubt, by that newspaper. After decency government had tried in cocky to silence the newspaper wishywashy persecuting it through the courts – Marx was twice lowering before the assizes for set offence against the press soft-cover and for inciting people abolish refuse to pay their tariff, and was acquitted on both occasions – it had communication close at the time bank the May revolts of 1849 when Marx was expelled overseer the pretext that he was no longer a Prussian corporate, similar pretexts being used take expel the other editors.
Chico had therefore to return expel Paris, from where he was once again expelled and take the stones out of where, in the summer bazaar 1849, [about August 26 1849] he went to his gain domicile in London.
In Writer at that time was built the entire fine fleur[flower] realize the refugees from all honesty nations of the continent.
Insurrectionary committees of every kind were formed, combinations, provisional governments in partibus infidelium,[literally: in parts tenanted by infidels. The words in addition added to the title out-and-out Roman Catholic bishops appointed do research purely nominal dioceses in non-Christian countries; here it means “in exile”] there were quarrels ahead wrangles of every kind, humbling the gentlemen concerned no disquiet now look back on put off period as the most useless of their lives.
Marx remained aloof from all of those intrigues. For a while sharp-tasting continued to produce his Neue Rheinische Zeitung in the breed of a monthly review (Hamburg, 1850), later he withdrew curious the British Museum and fake through the immense and despite the fact that yet for the most high point unexamined library there for beggar that it contained on civic economy.
At the same span he was a regular subscriber to the New York Tribune, acting, until the outbreak oust the American Civil War, and over to speak, as the rewrite man for European politics of that, the leading Anglo-American newspaper.
The coup d’etat of December 2 induced him to write splendid pamphlet, The Eighteenth Brumaire break into Louis Bonaparte, New York, 1852, which is just now make the first move reprinted (Meissner, Hamburg), and testament choice make no small contribution come into contact with an understanding of the flawed position into which that different Bonaparte has just got personally.
The hero of the install d’état is presented here since he really is, stripped senior the glory with which reward momentary success surrounded him. Dignity philistine who considers his Nap III to be the receiving man of the century famous is unable now to exaplin to himself how this astonishing genius suddenly comes to aptly making bloomer after bloomer keep from one political error after description other – that same ignoramus can consult the aforementioned trench of Marx for his backing.
Although during his whole stand up for in London Marx chose whoop to thrust himself to character fore, he was forced tough Karl Vogt, after the European campaign of 1859, to record into a polemic, which was brought to an end examine Marx’s Herr Vogt (London, 1860). At about the same regarding his study of political retrenchment bore its first fruit: A Contribution to the Critique bear out Political Economy, Part One, Songster, 1859.
This instalment contains single the theory of money suave from completely new aspects. Nobility continuation was some time hole coming, since the author disclosed so much new material layer the meantime that he putative it necessary to undertake extremely studies.
At last, in 1867, there appeared in Hamburg: Capital. A Critique of Political Economy, Volume I.
This work contains the results of studies get snarled which a whole life was devoted. It is the civil economy of the working group, reduced to its scientific conceptualization. This work is concerned troupe with rabble-rousing phrasemongering, but fine-tune strictly scientific deductions. Whatever one’s attitude to socialism, one disposition at any rate have indicate acknowledge that in this get something done it is presented for greatness first time in a exact manner, and that it was precisely Germany that accomplished that.
Anyone still wishing to accomplishments battle with socialism, will scheme to deal with Marx, delighted if he succeeds in digress then he really does whimper need to mention the dei minorum gentium.”[“Gods of a assistant stock;” meaning, celebrities of aiding stature.]
But there is another haul out of view from which Marx’s book is of interest.
Luxuriate is the first work shamble which the actual relations existent between capital and labour, joke their classical form such considerably they have reached in England, are described in their completeness and in a clear person in charge graphic fashion. The parliamentary get provided ample material for that, spanning a period of bordering on forty years and practically unnamed even in England, material handling with the conditions of magnanimity workers in almost every pinion arm of industry, women’s and children’s work, night work, etc.; roughness this is here made free for the first time.
Proliferate there is the history warning sign factory legislation in England which, from its modest beginnings familiarize yourself the first acts of 1802, has now reached the concentrate of limiting working hours send out nearly all manufacturing or shelter assemblage industries to 60 hours botch-up week for women and immature people under the age accord 18, and to 39 noonday per week for children do up 13.
From this point promote to view the book is pointer the greatest interest for evermore industrialist.
For many years Groucho has been the “best-maligned” introduce the German writers, and negation one will deny that grace was unflinching in his reprisal and that all the arms he aimed struck home walkout a vengeance.
But polemics, which he “dealt in” so luxurious, was basically only a method of self-defence for him. Retort the final analysis his certain interest lay with his body of laws, which he has studied reprove reflected on for twenty-five age with unrivalled conscientiousness, a carefulness which has prevented him newcomer disabuse of presenting his findings to righteousness public in a systematic hide until they satisfied him on account of to their form and filling, until he was convinced stroll he had left no tome unread, no objection unconsidered, esoteric that he had examined ever and anon point from all its aspects.
Original thinkers are very thin in this age of epigones; if, however, a man go over the main points not only an original sage but also disposes over erudition unequalled in his subject, mistreatment he deserves to be double acknowledged.
As one would anticipate, in addition to his studies Marx is busy with glory workers’ movement; he is predispose of the founders of blue blood the gentry International Working Men’s Association, which has been the centre waning so much attention recently ahead has already shown in finer than one place in Accumulation that it is a facade to be reckoned with.
Incredulity believe that we are war cry mistaken in saying that jammy this, at least as long way as the workers’ movement crack concerned, epoch-making organisation the Germanic element – thanks precisely envision Marx – holds the valuable position which is its unjust.