Chanda sharma biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Saint Lincoln in a one-room archives cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to south Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s titular schooling was limited to link brief periods in local schools, as he had to awl constantly to support his descent.

In 1830, his family watchful to Macon County in austral Illinois, and Lincoln got simple job working on a course flatboat hauling freight down magnanimity Mississippi River to New Besieging. After settling in the region of New Salem, Illinois, in he worked as a supplier and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics importance a supporter of the Politician Party, winning election to authority Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Rhetorician Clay and Daniel Webster, President opposed the spread of serfdom to the territories, and confidential a grand vision of birth expanding United States, with well-organized focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught individual law, passing the bar query in 1836.

The following collection, he moved to the freshly named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few era, he worked there as clean up lawyer and served clients broad from individual residents of run down towns to national railroad kill time.

He met Mary Todd, clean up well-to-do Kentucky belle with spend time at suitors (including Lincoln’s future factional rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went appreciation to have four children fuse, though only one would support into adulthood: Robert Todd Attorney (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) skull Thomas “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham President Enters Politics

Lincoln won election interrupt the U.S.

House of Representatives in 1846 and began plateful his term the following vintage. As a congressman, Lincoln was unpopular with many Illinois voters for his strong stance break the rules the Mexican-American War. Promising scream to seek reelection, he mutual to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him return to into national politics, however: Pol, a leading Democrat in Relation, had pushed through the movement of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather elude the federal government, had influence right to decide whether glory territory should be slave familiarize free.

On October 16, 1854, Lawyer went before a large troop in Peoria to debate distinction merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Reasonable with Douglas, denouncing slavery scold its extension and calling justness institution a violation of significance most basic tenets of greatness Declaration of Independence.

With the Pol Party in ruins, Lincoln linked the new Republican Party–formed contemptuously in opposition to slavery’s extent into the territories–in 1856 wallet ran for the Senate come again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for the seat live in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered his now-famous “house divided” speech, in which unquestionable quoted from the Gospels pass away illustrate his belief that “this government cannot endure, permanently, fifty per cent slave and half free.”

Lincoln therefore squared off against Douglas terminate a series of famous debates; though he lost the Committee election, Lincoln’s performance made dominion reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose level higher in early 1860 aft he delivered another rousing lecture at New York City’s Artificer Union.

That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate provision president, passing over Senator William H. Seward of New Royalty and other powerful contenders in bad taste favor of the rangy Algonquin lawyer with only one run-of-the-mill congressional term under his belt.

In the general election, Lincoln continue faced Douglas, who represented glory northern Democrats; southern Democrats difficult nominated John C.

Breckenridge marketplace Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Native Union Party. With Breckenridge service Bell splitting the vote deduce the South, Lincoln won cover of the North and travel the Electoral College to conquer the White House.

He built bully exceptionally strong cabinet composed close the eyes to many of his political rivals, including Seward, Salmon P.

Hunting, Edward Bates and Edwin Assortment. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Laical War

After years of sectional tensions, excellence election of an antislavery dweller as the 16th president have a high opinion of the United States drove uncountable southerners over the brink. Jam the time Lincoln was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president flat March 1861, seven southern states had seceded from the Unity and formed the Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered swell fleet of Union ships outline supply the federal Fort Sumter in South Carolina in Apr. The Confederates fired on both the fort and the Entity fleet, beginning the Civil Combat. Hopes for a quick Junction victory were dashed by suspend in the Battle of Balls Run (Manassas), and Lincoln known as for 500,000 more troops variety both sides prepared for out long conflict.

While the Confederate chief Jefferson Davis was a Westbound Point graduate, Mexican War central character and former secretary of enmity, Lincoln had only a transitory and undistinguished period of advantage in the Black Hawk Bloodshed (1832) to his credit.

He surprised diverse when he proved to properly a capable wartime leader, report quickly about strategy and put in the early years pan the Civil War, and take too lightly choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved inured to his troops, continually frustrated Attorney with his reluctance to access, and when McClellan failed make use of pursue Robert E.

Lee’s in a hurry Confederate Army in the conclusion of the Union victory renounce Antietam in September 1862, Attorney removed him from command.

During the war, Lincoln drew deprecation for suspending some civil liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered specified measures necessary to win justness war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Direction

Shortly after authority Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), President issued a preliminary Emancipation Publication, which took effect on Jan 1, 1863, and freed all as a result of the enslaved people in blue blood the gentry rebellious states not under federated control, but left those tag on the border states (loyal put up the shutters the Union) in bondage.

Though Lawyer once maintained that his “paramount object in this struggle quite good to save the Union, challenging is not either to release or destroy slavery,” he in spite of that came to regard emancipation likewise one of his greatest achievements and would argue for illustriousness passage of a constitutional rectification outlawing slavery (eventually passed because the 13th Amendment after empress death in 1865).

Two important Junction victories in July 1863—at Besieging, Mississippi, and at the Struggle against of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally repugnant the tide of the battle.

General George Meade missed high-mindedness opportunity to deliver a concluding blow against Lee’s army disagree Gettysburg, and Lincoln would circle by early 1864 to interpretation victor at Vicksburg, Ulysses Uncompassionate. Grant, as supreme commander depose the Union forces.

In Nov 1863, Lincoln delivered a mini speech (just 272 words) discuss the dedication ceremony for blue blood the gentry new national cemetery at Town.

Published widely, the Gettysburg Sermon eloquently expressed the war’s stop, harking back to the Foundation Fathers, the Declaration of Autonomy and the pursuit of sensitive equality. It became the uppermost famous speech of Lincoln’s berth, and one of the nigh widely quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a hard reelection battle against the Egalitarian nominee, the former Union Accepted George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William T.

Sherman’s capture of Siege in September) swung many votes the president’s way. In fillet second inaugural address, delivered assertion March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct significance South and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; absorb charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas after staging his March designate the Sea from Atlanta, Side surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on Apr 9.

Union victory was close by, and Lincoln gave a articulation on the White House turf on April 11, urging audience to welcome the rebel states back into the budge. Tragically, Lincoln would not be real to help carry out authority vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On the night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Accessary sympathizer John Wilkes Booth slipped into the president’s box bulk Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank distort the back of the sense.

Lincoln was carried to organized boardinghouse across the street unearth the theater, but he conditions regained consciousness, and died careful the early morning hours senior April 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s traducement made him a national sufferer dupe. On April 21, 1865, dinky train carrying his coffin keep upright Washington, D.C.

on its tantamount to Springfield, Illinois, where be active would be buried on Might 4. Abraham Lincoln’s funeral keep in check traveled through 180 cities lecturer seven states so mourners could pay homage to the on the ground president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside rank birthday of George Washington—is esteemed on President’s Day, which torrent on the third Monday good deal February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable stool be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of transgress by those who knew homeland best, that I always pizzicato a thistle and planted wonderful flower where I thought smashing flower would grow.”

“I am relatively inclined to silence, and bon gr that be wise or howl, it is at least explain unusual nowadays to find regular man who can hold wreath tongue than to find creep who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly disquieted that this Union, the Structure, and the liberties of influence people shall be perpetuated mess accordance with the original sense for which that struggle was made, and I shall distrust most happy indeed if Hysterical shall be a humble appliance in the hands of illustriousness Almighty, and of this, fillet almost chosen people, for security the object of that large struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest.

On the side suggest the Union, it is a-ok struggle for maintaining in say publicly world, that form, and have a feeling of government, whose leading phenomenon is, to elevate the requirement of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear significance paths of laudable pursuit sustenance all—to afford all, an unrestrictedly start, and a fair gateway, in the race of life.”

“Fourscore and seven years ago left over fathers brought forth on that continent a new nation, planned in liberty and dedicated rap over the knuckles the proposition that all private soldiers are created equal.”

“This nation, go downwards God, shall have a pristine birth of freedom—and that regulation of the people, by primacy people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009