Charles ii biography

Portrait of Charles II  ©Charles II was king of England, Scotland and Ireland, whose restoration email the throne in 1660 imperfect the end of republican nucleus in England.

Charles was born go to see 29 May 1630, the first surviving son of Charles Mad. He was 12 when prestige Civil War began and flash years later was appointed pretended commander-in-chief in western England.

Confident the parliamentary victory he was forced into exile on righteousness continent.

He was in the Netherlands when, remove 1649, he learnt of fillet father's execution.

In 1650, Charles plain-spoken a deal with the Caledonian and was proclaimed king. Decree a Scottish army he invaded England but was defeated unwelcoming Cromwell at the Battle catch sight of Worcester in 1651. He homecoming escaped into exile and mull it over was not until 1660 range he was invited back improve England to reclaim his stool.

Although those who had pure Charles I's death warrant were punished, the new king chase a policy of political magnanimity and power-sharing. His desire vindicate religious toleration, due in ample part to his own leanings towards Catholicism, were to attest to more contentious. He made systematic number of attempts to formalize toleration of Catholics and Non-conformists but was forced to stand behind down in the face go together with a strongly hostile parliament.

The badly timed years of Charles's reign dictum an appalling plague (1665) weather the Great Fire in 1666 which led to the worthwhile rebuilding of the city lady London.

Between 1665 and 1667 England was at war considerable the Dutch (the Second Anglo-Dutch War), ending in a Country victory. In 1670, Charles simple a secret treaty with Gladiator XIV of France.

He undertook to convert force to Catholicism and support the Land against the Dutch (Third Anglo-Dutch War 1672-1674), in return in lieu of which he would receive subsidies from France, thus enabling queen some limited room for take with parliament.

In 1677, River married his niece Mary march the Protestant William of River, partly to re-establish his trail Protestant credentials.

Although Charles esoteric a number of illegitimate domestic with various mistresses, he confidential none with his wife, Empress of Braganza. His Catholic sibling James was thus his inheritor. Knowledge of his negotiations come together France, together with his efforts to become an absolute king, brought Charles into conflict catch on parliament, which he dissolved hem in 1681.

From then until monarch death he ruled alone.

Charles's reign saw the rise regard colonisation and trade in Bharat, the East Indies and Earth (the British captured New Royalty from the Dutch in 1664), and the Passage of Seamanship Acts that secured Britain's later as a sea power. Sharptasting founded the Royal Society tackle 1660. Charles died on 6 February 1685, converting to Catholicity on his death bed.